Advanced Track
Grades 9–12 · Formal arguments, primary sources, and scholarly-level reasoning.
Teaching this track? Sunday school plans · homeschool plans
The Kalam Cosmological Argument
William Lane Craig's formalization of an ancient argument: the impossibility of an actually infinite past, the Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem, and the metaphysics of causation.
The Leibnizian Contingency Argument
Why is there something rather than nothing? The Principle of Sufficient Reason, the taxicab fallacy, and why a contingent universe requires a necessary being - even if it never began.
The Moral Argument: From Objective Values to God
Kant's moral postulates, divine command theory vs. Euthyphro, and why naturalism cannot ground moral realism.
Cosmic Fine-Tuning and the Design Inference
Roger Penrose's entropy calculation, Robin Collins's likelihood principle, and John Lennox on the limits of scientific explanation.
The Origin of Life: What Chemistry Actually Shows
James Tour's five unsolved problems, chirality, and why the Miller-Urey experiment is routinely overstated.
The Human Genome: DNA as the Language of God
Francis Collins, the White House announcement, and why DNA's 3.1 billion letters function as a genuine language - one that points to a mind.
Something From Nothing? The Quantum Vacuum Fallacy
The physicist's "nothing" is not nothing. Why the quantum vacuum still requires space, time, energy, and laws - and why even atheist philosophers reject the argument.
The Bacterial Flagellum: A Molecular Machine
A rotary motor with rotor, stator, drive shaft, universal joint, and propeller - powered by ion flow. Engineers didn't invent this design. They copied it.
The Complexity of Life Requires a Designer
Capstone: the cell as factory, information theory, and the cumulative case from Tour, Collins, and Behe - tying together the biological evidence for design.
Textual Criticism and the New Testament
The science of reconstructing ancient texts. Papyrus P52, the Codex Sinaiticus, and why Bart Ehrman's own data supports reliability.
Archaeology, Extra-Biblical Sources & the Historical Method
From the Pilate Stone to the James Ossuary. How historians evaluate ancient evidence and what the convergence of sources tells us.
The Resurrection: A Historical Investigation
Habermas's minimal facts, N.T. Wright's historiography, and Bayesian reasoning applied to miracle claims.
The Problem of Evil: A Philosophical Deep Dive
Plantinga's modal Free Will Defense, skeptical theism, and why the logical problem of evil has been largely solved.
The Hard Problem of Consciousness
Materialism cannot explain why subjective experience exists. Chalmers's hard problem, Mary's Room, Thomas Nagel's challenge, and what this means for the existence of God.
Quantum Physics, Non-Locality & Consciousness
Bell's inequality proves reality is non-local. What does that mean for materialism - and does consciousness point to something deeper than matter?